引言：如果該“美國(guó)創(chuàng)新法案”通過(guò)，則是真正為留學(xué)生、企業(yè)家開(kāi)辟移民快速通道，應(yīng)當(dāng)是10年來(lái)最大移民立法喜訊，該提案中不少條款與兩年前未能通過(guò)的移民綜合改革法案中的相關(guān)內(nèi)容近似，雖然對(duì)留學(xué)生和企業(yè)家是大利好，而且申請(qǐng)條件寬松，但我們分析，除非美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)能通過(guò)新的美國(guó)移民綜合改革法案，否則單獨(dú)通過(guò)的可能性不大。在此，兆龍移民特將原文翻譯如下。

　　作者：瑪利亞·施耐德

　　翻譯：兆龍移民(轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處)

　　翻譯原文：

　　上周，美國(guó)參議院提出了一項(xiàng)被稱為“創(chuàng)業(yè)法案”的新議案，該法案將惠及移民企業(yè)家以及STEM(指科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程和數(shù)學(xué))領(lǐng)域的廣大人群。創(chuàng)業(yè)法案規(guī)定新創(chuàng)立企業(yè)在美國(guó)創(chuàng)造就業(yè)，而企業(yè)家必須能夠自由在美國(guó)工作并雇用員工，從而促進(jìn)美國(guó)就業(yè)復(fù)蘇。

　　創(chuàng)業(yè)法案包含了以下三點(diǎn)重大利好：

　　1. 給予STEM領(lǐng)域人群有條件永久居留身份。

　　在STEM領(lǐng)域擁有美國(guó)大學(xué)頒發(fā)的碩士或博士學(xué)位的外國(guó)人可以在持F-1簽證完成學(xué)業(yè)后申請(qǐng)有效期限最長(zhǎng)達(dá)一年的有條件永久居留身份(CPR)。CPR相當(dāng)于臨時(shí)綠卡，僅在一定的時(shí)間段內(nèi)有效，且取決于綠卡持有人是否完成了所要求的活動(dòng)。也就是說(shuō)，在臨時(shí)綠卡有效期屆滿后，申請(qǐng)人必須完成了所要求的活動(dòng)，才能獲得有效期限達(dá)十年的永久綠卡。

　　為了滿足創(chuàng)業(yè)法案下獲得CPR的要求，申請(qǐng)人必須“努力尋求”獲得STEM領(lǐng)域有酬工作的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。外國(guó)人可以獲得最長(zhǎng)達(dá)五年的CPR，且可以在五年期滿后移除有條件身份并獲得永久綠卡，或者入籍成為美國(guó)公民，但前提是申請(qǐng)人已經(jīng)從事了長(zhǎng)達(dá)五年之久的STEM工作。

　　2. 給予企業(yè)家有條件永久居留身份

　　創(chuàng)業(yè)法案規(guī)定，移民企業(yè)家可以獲得最長(zhǎng)達(dá)四年的CPR。滿足以下全部條件的CPR持有人可以申請(qǐng)永久綠卡：

　　外國(guó)人持有F-1獲H-1B簽證

　　在擁有CPR的第一年，外國(guó)人：

　　在美國(guó)注冊(cè)了新企業(yè);

　　外國(guó)人的企業(yè)雇用了不少于最低限額且非其家庭成員的全職員工;

　　外國(guó)人投資或籌集了10萬(wàn)美元。

　　在CPR狀態(tài)的最后三年內(nèi)，外國(guó)人雇用了至少五位非其家庭成員的全職員工。

　　3. 取消國(guó)家簽證配額限制和未用簽證的轉(zhuǎn)用。

　　另外，創(chuàng)業(yè)法案還提出利用三年時(shí)間逐步取消針對(duì)各國(guó)的綠卡配額限制，并將某一簽證類別中的未用簽證在其它簽證已耗完的類別中轉(zhuǎn)用。

　　英文原文如下：

　　POSSIBLE LEGISLATION: THE STARTUP ACT

　　by Maria Schneider

　　A new bill called “The Startup Act” was introduced in the Senate last week to benefit immigrant entrepreneurs and those in the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields. The Startup Act states that new companies create jobs in the US and that entrepreneurs must be free to work in the US and to hire employees to get the US back to work.

　　The Startup Act offers the following three key benefits:

　　1. Conditional Permanent Residency for Those in STEM Fields.

　　Aliens holding a master’s or doctoral degree in a STEM field from a US institution can apply for Conditional Permanent Residence (CPR) for up to one year after their F-1 studies conclude. CPR is a temporary green card, valid for a limited period of time and contingent on the green card holder completing certain required actions. At the end of the temporary green card validity period, the applicant must have completed the required actions to obtain a permanent green card, valid for ten years.

　　To qualify for CPR under this part of the Startup Act, the applicant must be “diligently searching” for an opportunity to become gainfully employed in a STEM field occupation. The alien can be granted CPR for up to five years and can remove the conditions and obtain a permanent green card, or naturalize and become a US Citizen after the five year period, provided the applicant has been employed in a STEM occupation for the duration of the five year period.

　　2. Conditional Permanent Residency for Entrepreneurs.

　　The Startup Act provides that immigrant entrepreneurs can be granted CPR for up to four years. The CPR holder is eligible to apply for a permanent green card if:

　　· the alien holds F-1 or H-1B status

　　· during the first year of the CPR, the alien

　　o registers a new business in the US

　　o the alien’s business employs at least full-time employees who are not members of the alien’s family

　　o the alien invests or raises capital of $100,000

　　· during the remaining three years of the CPR, the alien employs at least five full-time employees who are not members of the alien’s family

　　3. Elimination of Per Country Caps and Rollover of Unused Green Cards.

　　Finally, the Startup Act phases out the per country caps on green cards over a three year period. It also provides for the rollover of unused green cards.

　　原文鏈接：

　　http://blogs.ilw.com/entry.php?8464-POSSIBLE-LEGISLATION-THE-STARTUP-ACT